Beverage
Coffee (in moderation)
6/10 Moderate evidence
Roasted coffee bean infusion; the largest source of antioxidants in the typical Western diet, with documented neurological and metabolic benefits at moderate doses.
Active compounds
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Chlorogenic acid
Phenolic antioxidant; improves glucose handling and reduces inflammatory markers
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Caffeine
Adenosine receptor antagonist; supports alertness and reduces neuroinflammation at moderate doses
Helps with
Practical tips
- Preparation
- Filter coffee preferred — paper filters trap cafestol/kahweol diterpenes that raise LDL
- Recommended amount
- 2-4 cups daily; beyond that, benefits plateau and adverse effects increase
- Absorption
- Light roasts retain more chlorogenic acid; dark roasts have a slightly different antioxidant profile
- Cautions
- Can trigger anxiety, palpitations, GERD, or migraine in sensitive individuals; avoid after early afternoon for sleep